Kedu ihe bụ ether?

Mkpụrụ osisi eather bụ otu polymer ogige nwere ihe owuwu ether mere nke cellulose. Otu mgbanaka nke ọ bụla glucose na cellulose nwere otu hydropose otu atọ na carbon carbon nke abụọ, na hydrogen hydrogen na-anọchi otu hydrologen otu iji mepụta mkpụrụ ndụ eath. Ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke hydrogen nke otu hydroxy na celdybors na-anọchi ya. Cellulose bụ polyhydroxy polymen ma ọ bụ gbazee. Mgbe akpachara anya, cellulose na-soluble na mmiri, itughari usoro na ihe mgbaze na-agba mbọ, ma nwee ọkụ.

Cellulose bụ polyhydroxy polymen ma ọ bụ gbazee. Mgbe akpachara anya, cellulose na-soluble na mmiri, itughari usoro na ihe mgbaze na-agba mbọ, ma nwee ọkụ.

1.Nature:

Solublity nke cellulose mgbe ikuku na-agbanwe. Ọ nwere ike etisasịwo na mmiri, itughari acid, itughari alkali ma ọ bụ ihe na-edozi ahụ. A na-agbaze usoro ihe atọ: (1) njirimara nke ìgwè ndị a kpalitere na usoro a na-eme, na-ewetara ike nke ndị otu ahụ, na-adịwanye elu na-agbaze na mmiri bụ igbari na mmiri; (2) ogo nke nbanye na nkesa nke otu dị na macromolecule. Imirikiti ndị na-eme ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike ịkpụkarị na mmiri n'okpuru ihe nnọchianya, ma ogo nke nnọchi anya dị n'agbata 0 na 3; (3) ogo nke polmerization nke cellose eathe, onye dị elu nke polymerization, pere mpe; The dị ala ogo nke dochie anya nke nwere ike ịgbasasị na mmiri, na-ahụ dị ka nke a. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ cellugul, ha na-ejikwa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe, ciment, nri, ihe nkiri, ọgwụ, ọgwụ na igwe eletrik na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

2. Gụpụta:

China bụ onye kachasị na-emepụta ụwa na onye na-azụ ihe nke cellulose ether, na nkezi uto kwa afọ nke ihe karịrị 20%. Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbido, e nwere ihe dị ka cellulose na-emepụta ihe owuwu e ji eme ihe karịrị 400,000, Hebei, chingqing na Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai na ebe ndị ọzọ.

3. Mkpa:

N'afọ 2011, ikike imepụta CMC China bụ ihe dị ka puku atọ tọn. Site na-eto eto na-arị elu maka ndị ọrụ cellougul dị ka ọgwụ, nri, na kemịkalụ nke ụbọchị, chọrọ ka ngwaahịa sel ether ndị ọzọ karịa CMC na-abawanye. , ikike imepụta nke Mc / HPMC dị ihe dị ka ụbọchị iri na abụọ, nke HEC bụ ihe dị ka tọn 20,000 tọn. Pac ka nọ na nkwalite na ngwa ahụ na China. Site na mmepe nke nnukwu mmanụ mmiri na-awa na mmepe nke ihe eji eme ihe, nri, kemịkalụ na ịba ụba n'afọ, na ikike imepụta ihe karịrị 10,000 tọn tọn.

4. Ọdịnaya:

Dabere na nhazi ihe ọmụmụ ihe eji eme ihe, enwere ike ikewa ha na eyers na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ. Depending on the etherification agent used, there are methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and phenyl Cellulite, wdg. methy cellulose na etyl cellulose na-aba uru.

Methylcellose:

Mgbe owu na-etichara alkali, sel sel sel na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume na methane chloride dị ka onye ọrụ Ither. N'ozuzu, ogo nke nnọchi bụ 1.6 ~ 2.0, na solubity dịkwa iche na ogo dị iche iche nke dochie. Ọ bụ nke na-abụghị ionic ether.

(1) Methylcellose na-soluble na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esikwa ike ịgbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya dị oke mma na mpaghara PH = 3 ~ 12. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na stachi, Guar chịm, wdg na ọtụtụ fromsactants. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-erute okpomọkụ ahụ, gelation emee.

(2) Ndozi mmiri nke methyl cellulose na-adabere na mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, ogo na ọnụego ya. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na mgbakwunye ego buru ibu, ọ dị obere, na viscosis buru ibu, ọnụ ọgụgụ njigide mmiri dị elu. N'etiti ha, ego nke mgbakwunye nwere mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na ụzọ mbelata mmiri, yana ọkwa viscosity abụghị nke dabara na ọkwa nke mmiri iji. Ọnụego mgbasa efe si na-adabere na ogo mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ osisi cellulose na urughuru. N'etiti ndị dị n'elu Cellers dị n'elu, methyl cellulose na hydroxyl methyl methyl cellulose nwere ọnụego mmiri dị elu.

(3) Mgbanwe na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nwere ike imetụta njigide mmiri nke methy cellulose. N'ozuzu, elu okpomọkụ, nke na-akacha njọ mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na mgbochi okpomọkụ karịrị 40 Celsius C, njigide mmiri nke methy cellulose ga-ebelata, na-emetụta owuwe ihe nke ngwa agha.

(4) methyl cellulose nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọrụ na ngwa agha. "Ndozi" ebe a na-ezo aka n'ike aka nke njikọta nke onye ọrụ onye ọrụ na mkpụrụ mgbidi, nke ahụ bụ, na-eguzogide nke ngwa agha. Ndozi ahụ dị elu, nke a na-achọ ka ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ buru ibu, na owuru arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ dara ogbenye. Cohesion nke methy cellulose dị na ọkwa dị larịị na ngwaahịa ether.

Hydroxypylmethylcelllose:

Hydroxypylthylthylcelllose bụ ụdị mkpụrụ osisi cellulose nke mmepụta ya na oriri na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Ọ bụ nke na-abụghị nke ionic cellulose mere site na owu nụchara anụcha, na-eji propylene oxide na methyl chloride dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, site na usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 1.2 ~ 2.0. Njirimara ya agbanweela dabere na ọdịnaya methoxyl na ọdịnaya mmiri.

(1) hydroxypylthylththththyth na-agbanye mmiri oyi, ọ ga-ezute ihe isi ike na mmiri ọkụ. Ma ọnọdụ okpomoku ya na mmiri ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methy cellulose. A na-akwalitekwa ngụgụ na mmiri oyi na-akwalite ya na methy cellulose.

(2) viscosity nke hydroxyl Methylcelllose metụtara oke molecular ya, na ibu oke molecular ibu, onye dị elu na viscosity. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, dị ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscese belata. Agbanyeghị, mmetụta nke viscosity na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ya dị ala karịa nke methy cellulose. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike mgbe echekwara na ụlọ okpomọkụ.

(3) Njikọ mmiri nke hydropyythylthythyth na-adabere na mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, na -achi anya ya n'okpuru otu mgbakwunye ahụ dị elu karịa nke methy cellulose.

(4) hydroxylthylthylthylthylthylthyllose bụ ọkaibe na acid na alkali, na ngwọta ya dị oke mma na oke nke pH = 2 ~ 12. Saustic soda na mmiri lime enweghị obere mmetụta na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike ịgbasa mgbasa ya ma nwekwuo mmụba ya. Hydroxypyl Methylcellose bụ nkwụsi ike na nnu, ma mgbe ịta nke nnu dị elu, viscosity hydroxypyl methylcellopy na-abawanye.

(5) hydroxyppropyythylthylthyl na-eji ọgwụ polmer na-adọkpụ na-etolite iji mepụta otu unifort na usoro visinity dị elu. Dị ka mmanya polyvinyl, stachi ether, ihe oriri na akwukwo nri, wdg.

(6) hydroxylthylthylthylthylcelllose nwere ike iguzogide elu karịa methylcellose, na ihe ngwọta ya agaghị emebi emebi site na enzymes karịa methylcellose.

(7) Nchọpụta nke hydroxyppropyythylthylthllopse ka ịgba ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methylcellose.

Hydroxyethyth Cellulose:

A na-eme ya site na owu nụchara anụcha na alkali na-emeso Alkali, ma meghachi omume na Ethylene Oxide dị ka onye ọrụ Itherification na ọnụnọ nke Isopropanol. Ogo ya nke dochie anya ya bụ 1.5 ~ 2.0. O nwere hydrophilicy siri ike ma dịkwa mfe ịnabata mmiri.

(1) hydroxyethythyythythythythyth celluble na mmiri oyi, mana o siri ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike na oke okpomọkụ na-enweghị gellling. Enwere ike iji ya ruo ogologo oge dị elu okpomọkụ na ngwa ọgụ ya dị ala karịa nke methy cellulose.

(2) hydroxyethythythythythythythyth na-akwụsi ike acid na Alkali, Alkali nwere ike mee ngwa ngwa na mgbasa ozi ya ma nwekwuo mmụba na viscoside ya. Mgbasa ya na mmiri dị oke njọ karịa nke methy cellulose na hydroxypyl methyl cellulose.

(3) hydroxyethythyythythythythythyth cellulose nwere ezigbo mgbochi SAG dịịrị maka ngwa agha, mana ọ nwere oge azụ oge maka ciment.

(4) arụmọrụ nkehydroxyethyth CelluseO doro anya na ụlọ ọrụ n'otu ụlọ na-adị ala karịa nke Methyl Cellulose n'ihi ọdịnaya mmiri ya dị elu na ọdịnaya dị elu.

(5) Ihe omimi nke ok nke hydroxyethythyth cellulose dị oke mkpa. Na okpomọkụ nke ihe dị ka 40 Celsius C, Mildew nwere ike ime n'ime ụbọchị 3 ruo 5, nke ga-emetụta arụmọrụ ya.

Centerboxythyl Cellulose:

A na-eme nke cellulose ether site na eriri sitere n'okike (owu, wdg) mgbe Alkali na-eji sodium modochlorotetetate dị ka onye nnọchite anya Ither, ma nwee usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke dochie anya ya bụ 0.4 ~ 1.4, na arụmọrụ ya emetụtala oke.

(1) coulboxythyythythythythythythylythyth cellulose bụ hgroscopic, ọ ga-enwe mmiri karịa mgbe echekwara n'okpuru ọnọdụ niile.

(2) Ogwe osisi celloxymythymythythylythym adịghị amị gel, viscetse na-ebelata na mmụba nke okpomọkụ. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ gafere 50 Celsius C, viscosity na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe.

(3) PH na-emetụta ike ya nke ukwuu. Ohaneze, enwere ike iji ya na mpekere nke gypsum, ma ọ bụghị na ngwa agha ciment. Mgbe alkaline nke ukwuu, ọ ga-atụfu viocosity.

(4) Njide mmiri ya dị obere karịa methyl cellulose. O nwere mmetụta na-akwụ ụgwọ na ngwa agha gypsum ma belata ike ya. Agbanyeghị, ọnụahịa nke celloxyMylylyl cellulose dị ala karịa nke Methy cellulose.

Cellulite alkyl

Ndị nnọchianya bụ Methy Cellulose na etyl cellulose. Na mmeputa mmepụta, Metheth chloride ma ọ bụ ethyl chloride dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ether, mmeghachi omume ahụ bụ ka ndị a:

Na usoro, r na-anọchite anya ch3 ma ọ bụ c2H5. Alkali ịta ọ bụghị naanị na-emetụta ogo nke akwara, kama ọ na-emetụtakwa oriri nke alkyl harade. The dị ala na-adọrọ adọrọ alkali, sie ike hydrolysis nke alkyl meriri. Iji belata oriri nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri, a ga-amụba Alkali. Agbanyeghị, mgbe alkali na-adọrọ adọrọ dị oke elu, na-ebelata mmetụta ọzịza nke cellulose na-ebelata, nke na-agaghị enyere aka na mmeghachi omume ahụ, yabụ belata. Maka ebumnuche a, enwere ike ịgbakwunye LYE ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike n'oge mmeghachi omume. Ihe a ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo na-akpali akpali ma na-adọba ngwaọrụ Alkali. A na-ejikarị methy cellulose dị ka nke na-echebe ihe, na-ejikọ ya na polymerics, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-emegharị eme ihe, ma gwakọta ya na ciment na-ejikwa ya Ike mmalite, wdg Ethy Cellulose nwere ike ọrụ dị elu, mgbanwe, iguzogide ọkụ na nguzogide. Ethyl cellutese na-agbanye mmiri na mmiri na-edozi ngwọta, na ngwaahịa dị elu na-soluble na ọtụtụ sonhere ihe mgbaze. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndabara na ebe dị iche iche na fọdụrụnụ. Enwere ike iji ya mee plastik, fim, vanishs, adhesives, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, wdg. Ogo nke mgbanwe na-ekpo ọkụ dị iche iche dị iche iche na ọdịdị nke ndị a machibidoro alkyl na hydroxyallit.

Hydropose Hydroposelyy na Ether:

Ndị nnọchi anya bụ hydroxyethythyth cellulose na hydroxypyl Cellulose. Ndị ọrụ eliffying bụ epaidedes dị ka eylene Oxide na proflene oxide. Jiri acid ma ọ bụ ntọala dị ka ihe na-eweta. Ihe mmepụta ihe bụ imeghachi omume alkali cellulose na onye ọrụ ether: hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere uru nhilite dị elu na-soluble na mmiri oyi na mmiri ọkụ. Hydroxypropyl Cellulose nwere uru eji arụ ọrụ dị elu bụ naanị soluble na mmiri oyi ma ọ bụghị na mmiri ọkụ. Enwere ike iji cellulose nwere ike iji ya dị ka nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi, mbipụta swices na ịbesa akwụkwọ, ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ na colloids. Ojiji nke hydroxypppppropy cellulose yiri nke hydroxyethythythythythythyth cellulose. Enwere ike iji celloxyppropy nwere uru dị ala dị ka ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, nke nwere ike ịnwe njikọta ma na-emebi emebi.

Na-elekọta celloxythylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylylym cellulose, ndenye asụsụ Bekee na-adị n'ụdị nnu nnu. Onye na-ahụ maka na-agbapụta bụ monochlorocetic acid, na mmeghachi omume ahụ dị ka ndị a:

Carboxythymylylyl Cellulose bụ mmiri na-ejikarị mkpụrụ osisi cellulose ether. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka apịtị dị ka ọ dị ka ihe na-eme ihe dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma, wdg agba, yana dị ka nrapado maka seramics na Ebu.

Polyaniose Cellilose (pac) bụ ihe mkpuchi ikuku na-elicose ether ma bụrụ onye nnọchi anya dị elu maka celloxyyythymylythymylythymythymylythymylymylythymylythylythymylythymylythymylythymylythymylythymythylythymylythylythymythymylythymylythymylythymythylythymythylythymylythymythym Ọ bụ ọcha na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ nke nwere ntụ ntụ na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ nke na-abụghị ihe na-adịghị mma, na-enweghị ntụpọ na ụfọdụ viant na nnugide na-eguzogide na nnu. Ọ dịghị mildew na emebi. O nwere njirimara nke ịdị ọcha dị elu, ogo nke ihe nnọchianya, yana nkesa nke ndị nwebere. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe dị ka ihe mgbochi, ubenedener, nke Rhiology, ndị na-ewefu mmiri, enwere ike itinye ya nke ọma, na-eme ka ọfụma ma na-ezute ihe ndị dị elu.

Cynoethyl cellulose bụ mmeghachi omume nke cellose na acrnonotrile n'okpuru catasis nke alkali.

Celloethyl cellulose nwere nnukwu dielectric mgbe niile na enweghị ike ịnweta ọnụọgụ ma enwere ike iji matrix na oriọna eletrik. Enwere ike iji cynoethyl cellulose nwere ike iji ya dị ka akwụkwọ mkpuchi maka ndị ntụgharị.

A na-eji akwa mmanya na-egbu egbu mara mma, a na-akwadebekwa ndị na-aba n'anya na-egbu egbu, ma emebeghị ya omume.

Enwere ike kee ụzọ nkwadebe nke cellulose ether usoro, usoro ihe mgbu, usoro ịkpụ ụkwụ, usoro slurry, usoro siri ike, usoro mmiri mmiri na njikọta nke ụzọ ndị a dị n'elu.

5PPEKPERTIONET:

Ihe dị elu α-cellulose a na-etinye ya na alkaline iji gwọọ ya iji bibie mgbanwe ndị ọzọ ma mepụta mgbasa ozi nke ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ, wee meghachi omume na ngalaba Ither. Ndị na-anabata ya, ma ọ bụ sulfates), epoxodes, na α na ígwè α na ndị na-anabata eletrik.

6.basic arụmọrụ:

Ndụmọdụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na imezi arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa akpọnwụ akpọọ nkụ, na akaụntụ maka ihe karịrị 40% nke ihe a gwakọtara. Ndị na-eweta ndị na-ebubata ozi sitere na ụlọ na-eweta nnukwu ihe banyere anụ ụlọ ahịa. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa a kpọrọ nkụ ka ga-adị elu, ọ na-esi ike ka ukwuu masonry na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na oke ikuku na nnukwu ndị na-ajụ oke. A na-achịkwa ngwaahịa ndị dị elu site na ndị ọrụ mba ọzọ, na ndị na-emepụta ngwa agha nwere uru dị ala na enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ; Ngwa a na-etinye obi ụtọ enweghị usoro na ebumnuche ezubere iche, ma na-eso usoro ndị mba ofesi.

Mmiri na-ejigide onye na-elekọta mmiri bụ ihe dị mkpa iji melite arụmọrụ mmiri nke ngwa ngwa akpọnwụ akpọnwụ, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa iji chọpụta ọnụ ahịa nke ihe ọkụkụ akọrọ. Ọrụ isi nkecellugul etherbụ njigide mmiri.

Mkpụrụ osisi ether bụ okwu maka usoro nke ngwaahịa ndị mepụtara site na mmeghachi omume nke alkali Cellulose na onye nnọchite anya ya. A na-eji ikike alkali dochie anya nke alkali dịgasị iche iche iji nweta ndị dị iche iche mkpụrụ osisi. Dabere na akụrụngwa nke ndị eji eji, a ga-ekewa eyers mkpụrụ osisi ụzọ abụọ: ionic (dị ka celloxyyyyyyythyMythyythyythythythythythythythythythythythythymythym Cellulite) na nononic (dị ka methy cellulose). Dika udiri udiri ihe eji eme ya, dika celluluse ether kelet (dika methy cellulose) ma gwakọta ether (dika hydropylthyl cellulose). Dabere na akụkụ dị iche iche, enwere ike ekewa ya na mmiri solubility (dịka hydroxyethythythythythythythythythyth solubise) na akụkụ ọnya afọ (dịka ethyl cellulose). Ahịrị ngwa agha na-adịkarị, na-agbanye mmiri cellulse, na cellulose mmiri kewara ekewa n'ụdị na elu mpaghara.

Usoro ihe omume nke cellulose na ngwa agha dị ka ndị a:

(1) Mgbe selịlị na-agbaze na mmiri, a na-agbaze na mmiri ciment na-eme ka ọ dị n'elu ya, ma na-eme ka ihe ndị ahụ dị elu, na-emekwa ka mmiri ahụ sie ike na nsị nke owuwu.

(2) N'ihi usoro molecular nke ya, cellulose ellulose na-eme ka mmiri dị na ngwa agha na-adịghị mfe ida, ma jiri nwayọ wepụta ya ogologo oge, na-akụkwa ya ngwa ọgụ na ezigbo mmiri na ike mmiri.